Modern engineering has always battled a common enemy: material degradation . Cracks, fatigue, corrosion, and microstructural defects silently grow inside materials, eventually leading to catastrophic failures in bridges, aircraft, batteries, solar modules, and even biomedical implants. A new class of materials— self-healing materials —is changing this paradigm by enabling structures to detect damage and autonomously repair themselves, much like living organisms. Self-healing materials are not science fiction anymore; they are rapidly transitioning from laboratories to real-world applications in energy, infrastructure, electronics, and aerospace . What Are Self-Healing Materials? Self-healing materials are engineered systems capable of recovering mechanical, electrical, or chemical functionality after damage without human intervention. The healing process may be triggered by mechanical stress , temperature changes, chemical reactions, electrical stimuli, or environmental exposur...
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